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Origins of
the Cold War, Part One,1917-1945
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10 11 12 13 14 15 16 p.9
September 19, 1944
At the urging of Prime
Minister Churchill, FDR and Churchill sign a secret memorandum that
"the world" is not to be told of the atomic bomb before
its use and steps should be taken to see that there is no leakage
of information from Professor Bohr "particularly to the Russians".
Full collaboration between the two countries "for military
and commercial purposes" will continue after the defeat of
Japan. (32) [To the dismay of the British, President Truman would
simply abrogate the agreement for joint authority for nuclear weapons
and claim that no copy of such an accord could be found. The 1946
McMahon Act which he signed barred the US from sharing atomic secrets
with any country, even the United Kingdom which had initiated the
research. (33)]
Notes
and Sources
October 9, 1944
Prime Minister Churchill
and British Foreign Minister Anthony Eden meet with Stalin in Moscow
and--- in violation of the principles of the Atlantic Charter---
make the following offer to Stalin: after the war Russia may have
90% predominance in Rumania, 80% predominance in Bulgaria and Hungary
in exchange for Britain's having 90% predominance in Greece with
Yugoslavia split 50-50. Stalin agrees. (No mention is made of Poland,
the country over whose fate Britain had entered the war.) (34) [British
troops arrived in Greece that month, the Germans having been driven
out by ELAS, the People's Liberation Army. (Its political counterpart,
EAM, embraced the entire left---communists, socialists, many priests,
a few bishops--- and numbered nearly two million people out of Greece's
seven million.) (35)]
December 4, 1944
Civil war breaks out
in Athens. [Churchill sent in more British troops to preserve the
Greek monarchy and crush the rebels, members of ELAM-ELAS, the Communist-dominated
partisan group that had been most active in defeating the Germans.
The British were assisted by remnants of the Nazi Security Battalions.
This while the Allies were still fighting the Germans! The Greeks
did not want their King George back, so Churchill was forced to
accede to the establishment of a regency by the end of the month.
Stalin, true to his October agreement with Churchill, did not interfere
and no word of criticism appeared in Pravda, the Communist Party's
official newspaper. In fact, the January armistice agreed to by
ELAS may have been prompted by Moscow. Much of the American public
protested the British action, showing more concern for events in
this region than in Poland. Stalin later took over Bulgaria and
then Rumania, but with far less blood than was shed in Greece. (36)]
December 30, 1944
One-third of the American
public is dissatisfied with the extent of Big Three cooperation;
of these, 54% blame Great Britain, 18% blame Russia. (37)
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